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The plasma membrane of a cell separates the cytoplasm of the cell from its outer environment, and it is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins embedded in the bilayer or attached to the surface thereof. Normally the plasma membrane functions as a gatekeeper which controls trafficking of essential sub... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to treating articles with reactive spray and, more specifically, to an apparatus and method for etching or otherwise chemically treating electronic printed circuit board substrates.
2. Prior Art
The art is replete with various disclosures of apparatus and methods ... | {
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It is well known in the art to provide cup holder assemblies having cup holders adapted to receive objects of various diameters and shapes. Such features include spring loaded grippers designed to provide a variable diameter of the cup holder. Other features include inserts having a tiered interior diameter so as to ac... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to automated computer processing of invoices, payments, and money transfers.
2. Description of the Related Art
For years companies have been trying to move transactions into an electronic system. Large businesses have the resources and scale to justify the inst... | {
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A drilling installation constituted by drill strings enabling information to be transmitted between the bottom of a borehole being drilled and the surface of the ground is already described in French patent 2 777 594 in the name of the Applicant. As explained in that document, while a borehole is being drilled, it is v... | {
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In fabrication of semiconductor devices, particularly fabrication of SRAM bitcells, traditional methods utilize fins generated using a single sidewall image transfer (SIT) process. However, traditional single SIT methods may only generate fins having a fin pitch greater than 40 nm. Further, traditional SIT methods gene... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image capturing apparatus such as a digital camera and a digital video camera and control method thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
As a conventional digital camera, there is a digital camera of the type that objective functions are operated by using a m... | {
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Recent attempts to achieve high-altitude, long-endurance flight for aircraft have been based on two approaches. The first approach focused on a lighter-than-air, blimp-like craft having solar cells and electric motors driving multiple propellers. The second approach focused on a conventional aircraft having long, narro... | {
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Data storage devices store digitally encoded information on a data storage medium, such as a disc. A head is used to read and/or write information to the disc or storage medium. The head includes a transducer element, such as a writer and/or reader, which is fabricated on or coupled to a slider body to read and/or writ... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to methods and devices, and more particularly, to mechanisms and techniques for actuating one or more vanes of a variable inlet guide vanes system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Actuation systems for adjusting guide vanes ar... | {
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The present invention relates to a switching type AC adapter, and more particularly to such a switching type AC adapter in which a current mode PWM (pulse-width-modulated) controller, a monostable multivibrator, and a MOSFET are installed, and operated to eliminate presence of horizontal synchronizing interference on t... | {
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Patients with cardiac diseases recently show a rapid increasing tendency. One major cause is a delay of development of definitive drug for the treatment of cardiac diseases in addition to the increasing population of aged persons and changes of living environments. Cardiac diseases such as cardiac failure, cardiac hype... | {
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The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or references cited is admitted to be prior art. Systems can be used to monitor one or more conditions. For example, a thermal sensor can be used to measure the temperature of a room. Such systems can have ... | {
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Phthalocyanines are useful for preparation of paints, printing inks, catalysts, or electronic materials. In recent years, they have been extensively investigated for use in materials for electrophotographic photoreceptor, optical recording materials, and photoelectric conversion materials.
In connection with electropho... | {
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One of the goals of current research on cell signaling and receptor activation is to enable therapeutic modulation of processes involved in cell growth and survival. Such processes determine outcome in diverse medical conditions, including organ failure, fetal development, and tumor growth, among others. Each of these ... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications services management. To be more precise, it relates to the management of telecommunication services using policy rules. The invention applies particularly well to networks using protocols of the Internet Protocol (IP) family or o... | {
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(a) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a cap mounting arrangement in which a cap with a sealing member is detachably attached to a container to hermetically closes an opening of the container.
(b) Description of Related Art
Cap mounting arrangements of this type have conventionally been used, for example,... | {
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Mobile communications networks are in the process of offering increasingly sophisticated capabilities associated with the motion and/or position location sensing of a mobile device. New software applications, such as, for example, those related to personal productivity, collaborative communications, social networking, ... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to the field of internal combustion engine controllers and more particularly to that portion of the above noted field which is concerned with the provision of exhaust gas sensors for use in analyzing the chemical composition of exhaust gases. More particularly... | {
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Over the last few years, the popularity and the development of social networks has strongly increased. Indeed, an important number of social networks exist in parallel. Consequently, there has been a rising number of enterprises wanting to further leverage the benefits of this trend.
However, the possibilities to bind ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the field of tendon anchoring systems. More particularly, in one aspect the invention relates to post tension systems for reinforcing concrete structures.
2. Background Art
The present invention is described herein primarily with reference to post-tension anc... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a top for a vehicle that has a stationary intermediate support between removable panels forward of the support and a multiple section retractable hardtop rearward of the support.
2. Background Art
A wide variety of vehicle tops are available, ranging from conve... | {
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Decentralized wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in both military and commercial applications due to the advantages of scalability and robustness to link failures. WSNs are commonly employed for many applications including for environmental protection, structural monitoring and passive localization and tra... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The foam heretofore known includes polyurethane, polyurea, polystyrene, polyolefin, and polycyclopentadiene foams. In addition, as an innovation conducive to improved productivity of polyolefin foam, an ionomer foam produced by reacting a carboxyl group-containing copolymer with a metal carbonate (Japanese Kokoku Publi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Supplemental feeding of wild game has become a common practice among outdoorsmen. In an effort to improve animal health as well as animal numbers, more and more people who hunt have engaged in supplementing the normal food sources found in the wild. By providing feed such as various grains and minerals year-round, nume... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This invention relates generally to work stands and more specifically to a new and novel bicycle work stand and method. The new and novel bicycle work stand and method is designed to place a bicycle in a proper position to effect repairs and adjustments to a bicycle while providing stable and balanced support of the bi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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A. Technical Field
The present invention relates to hearing devices, and, more particularly, to miniature hearing devices that are deeply positioned in the ear canal for improved energy efficiency, sound fidelity, and inconspicuous wear.
B. Description of the Prior Art
The external acoustic meatus (ear canal) is genera... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Sorbents incorporated in some traditional cigarettes have not satisfactorily provided the desired taste effect to the smoker. Due to volatility of added flavorants, the uniformity of flavored cigarettes has not been totally satisfactory. Thus, there is interest in improved articles and methods of delivering additive ma... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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New types of battery cells with silicon-based (e.g., silicon monoxide (SiO)) electrodes are being developed because they have the potential for better energy density and/or capacity compared to graphite-based electrodes. As a result of their new composition (i.e., silicon-based instead of graphite-based), new technique... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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One version of the high definition DVD (HD-DVD) standard has a method for recording button data streams on a DVD. Button data is information that describes the location, shape and color of a button. Buttons can also include navigation information and are often used to represent various options that can be executed. But... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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To fulfill requirements of speedup in mobile wireless communications, broadband wireless communications become essential. In broadband mobile wireless communications, influence of a plurality of delay paths causes frequency selective phasing to arise on a frequency axis, with which channel quality (or Channel Quality I... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution including an electrolyte salt and a battery using the electrolytic solution.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a large number of portable electronic devices such as camcorders, digital still cameras, cellular phones, pe... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Several classes of cryptography algorithms are currently used to encrypt and decrypt data. Two classes of algorithms generally include symmetric key and asymmetric key (public key) algorithms. In asymmetric, or public key, cryptography, the key used to encrypt a message is not the same as the key used to decrypt it. Th... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to contacts structure of the electrical connector.
2. Description of Related Arts
U.S. Pat. No. 7,901,216, issued on Mar. 8, 2011, discloses an electrical connector adapted for connecting a plug connector to a prin... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Field of Invention
The present invention relates to lightening device, and more particularly to a double-ended high intensity discharge lamp and manufacturing method thereof, which can provide a ceramic metal halide lamp or a high-pressure sodium lamp.
Description of Related Arts
Double-ended high intensity discharge l... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a motorcycle brake system.
2. Description of the Related Art
JP 2000071963 A discloses a motorcycle brake system. The brake system has a front wheel brake circuit and a rear wheel brake circuit which can be activated hydraulically and in which brake pressure can be bui... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Historically, processing pliant materials such as rubber compounds and elastomers has presented serious difficulties. This has been especially true when the processing resembled grinding to shape or finish a part as practiced on hard materials such as metals, thermosetting resins and the like. The resilience of the wor... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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It is well known that overall fuel efficiency in a multiple-cylinder internal combustion engine can be increased by selective deactivation of one or more of the engine valves, especially the intake valves, under certain engine load conditions. For a cam-in-block pushrod engine, a known approach to providing selective d... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to an image pickup device capable of being mounted on a cellphone or on a personal computer and to a producing method of the image pickup device.
With high efficiency and downsizing of image pickup devices in recent years, a cellphone and a personal computer each being provided with an ima... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Several types of safety mechanisms are known: some safely devices are adapted to lock the trigger actuation lever assembly; other devices are adapted to place a rigid member in front of the striking mass; still others are adapted to extend the actuation spring.
A common type of safety mechanism, for example, is simply ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a multilayer structure obtained by adhesion or adherence, in particular molecular adhesion, characterized by controlled internal stresses, and to a method for producing such a structure.
By multilayer structure with controlled stresses, it is understood a structure comprising at least t... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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High frequency radio frequency (RF) communications are becoming more and more prevalent in the world today. Products touting wireless RF communication links are becoming increasingly popular among consumers. A multitude of new products including redesigned existing ones is being built with wireless RF links today. A RF... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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