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Indra OCR v1.1.0

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.gitattributes CHANGED
@@ -46,3 +46,5 @@ assets/examples/chinese_essay.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  assets/examples/multi_column.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  assets/examples/rotated_letter.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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  assets/examples/table_pmc.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ assets/examples/handwriting_letter.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ assets/examples/korean_letter.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
README.md CHANGED
@@ -12,12 +12,55 @@ language:
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  - pt
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  - nl
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  - pl
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  - ru
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  - uk
 
 
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  - el
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  - hi
 
 
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  - bn
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- - zh
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  tags:
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  - ocr
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  - onnx
@@ -26,6 +69,8 @@ tags:
26
  - markdown
27
  - layout
28
  - document-parsing
 
 
29
  ---
30
 
31
  <p align="center">
@@ -51,16 +96,16 @@ tags:
51
 
52
  # Indra OCR
53
 
54
- Indra OCR is a 1M-parameter OCR model that reads up to 49 pages per second on CPU. It turns PDFs and images into markdown, plain text, or JSON with boxes, and it has these features:
55
-
56
- - Throughput - 49 pages/s, 11-17x faster than Tesseract and PaddleOCR on the same machine and pages ([table](#throughput))
57
- - Latency - ~230 ms per page on 4 x86 vCPUs, 12-24x faster than Tesseract and PaddleOCR
58
- - Accuracy - scores 41.3 on [OmniParseBench](https://github.com/datalab-to/omni_parse_bench) text, ahead of PaddleOCR's PP-OCR text models (35.8) and Tesseract (19.3). Its headline score (62.1) beats PaddleOCR's full PP-StructureV3 pipeline (58.4).
59
- - Layout and boxes - a bounding box for every line and every layout block, with block labels (headings, lists, tables, captions, footnotes, page headers) and reading order
60
- - Digital PDFs - reads the PDF's own text layer in any script, and OCRs only what is missing
61
- - Small - about 18 MB of models on ONNX Runtime, no PyTorch
62
 
63
- The main recognizer, `rec.onnx`, has about 1M parameters. See [benchmarks](#benchmarks) for the full results and [limitations](#limitations) for what it does not do yet.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64
 
65
  Indra OCR is named for [Indra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra).
66
 
@@ -72,7 +117,7 @@ Indra OCR is built for speed on CPUs. When you need the highest accuracy, on han
72
 
73
  If you have high volume workloads, we offer a batch processing service that can handle 1B+ pages a day.
74
 
75
- Get started with **$5 in free credits** - [sign up](https://www.datalab.to/?utm_source=gh-indra) - or try Chandra in our [public playground](https://www.datalab.to/playground?utm_source=gh-indra).
76
 
77
  ## Quickstart
78
 
@@ -86,7 +131,7 @@ indra-ocr scan.png --format json # lines, boxes, layout blocks, confidence
86
  indra-ocr-viewer # local web viewer on http://localhost:8765
87
  ```
88
 
89
- The first run downloads the models (about 18 MB) from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datalab-to/indra-ocr).
90
 
91
  ## Examples
92
 
@@ -94,8 +139,8 @@ Real Indra OCR outputs on OmniParseBench pages. Colored boxes are layout blocks
94
 
95
  <table>
96
  <tr>
97
- <td width="50%"><img src="assets/examples/rotated_letter.png"/><br/><sub>Scanned upside down: Indra OCR turns the page upright, reads both columns in order and finds the headings.</sub></td>
98
- <td width="50%"><img src="assets/examples/table_pmc.png"/><br/><sub>A journal page with two tables, output as HTML with their captions.</sub></td>
99
  </tr>
100
  </table>
101
 
@@ -108,7 +153,7 @@ The code is [Apache 2.0](https://github.com/datalab-to/indra/blob/main/LICENSE).
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109
  # Commercial usage
110
 
111
- This code is Apache 2.0, and our model weights use a modified OpenRAIL-M license (free for research, personal use, and startups under $20M funding/revenue, cannot be used competitively with our API). To remove the OpenRAIL license requirements, or for broader commercial licensing, visit our pricing page [here](https://www.datalab.to/pricing?utm_source=gh-indra).
112
 
113
  # Installation
114
 
@@ -116,7 +161,11 @@ This code is Apache 2.0, and our model weights use a modified OpenRAIL-M license
116
  pip install indra-ocr
117
  ```
118
 
119
- Python 3.10 or newer. It installs ONNX Runtime, OpenCV and pypdfium2, and no PyTorch. The models download from Hugging Face on the first run and are cached. To use a local copy, set `INDRA_OCR_MODEL_DIR` or pass `--model-dir`.
 
 
 
 
120
 
121
  # Usage
122
 
@@ -137,7 +186,6 @@ indra-ocr paper.pdf --math # write math as LaTeX (off by default;
137
  - `--out DIR`: write one file per input (`.md`, `.txt` or `.jsonl`)
138
  - `--format [md|text|json]`: output format (default: md)
139
  - `--mode [auto|ocr|text]`: `auto` reads the text layer where it passes the checks and OCRs elsewhere (default). `ocr` never reads the text layer. `text` uses the text layer even when the checks fail
140
- - `--model-order`: order text-layer lines with the order model, not the PDF content order
141
  - `--no-image-ocr`: on text-layer pages, do not OCR text inside images
142
  - `--cores N`: cores to use, one worker process each (default: all usable cores)
143
  - `--dpi`: render resolution for PDFs (default: 200)
@@ -163,6 +211,23 @@ for i, page in conv.convert("paper.pdf"):
163
  page.lines # [Line(box, text, conf)] in reading order
164
  ```
165
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
166
  For many pages or files, `convert_many` runs one single-threaded worker process per core, one page per task, and returns results in input order:
167
 
168
  ```python
@@ -178,7 +243,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": # worker processes re-import this file
178
 
179
  Without the `if __name__ == "__main__":` guard (needed on macOS and Windows), `convert_many` warns and reads everything in one process.
180
 
181
- `indra_ocr.load` takes `path` (model folder), `threads`, `dpi`, `mode`, `pdf_order`, `image_ocr`, `furniture` and `math`. `conv.convert` takes `max_pages` and `password`.
182
 
183
  ## Viewer
184
 
@@ -198,6 +263,7 @@ Every page is a `Page` with:
198
  - `blocks`: layout blocks in reading order, `{"label", "bbox", "text"}`
199
  - `source`: `text` (PDF text layer), `ocr`, `hybrid` (text layer + OCR of text inside images) or `error`
200
  - `rotation`, `skew`: the quarter or half turn applied (degrees), and the small tilt straightened
 
201
  - `timings`: per-step milliseconds, with `total_ms`
202
  - `note`: why the page took its path
203
 
@@ -205,7 +271,33 @@ Block labels: `Text`, `Section-Header`, `Page-Header`, `Page-Footer`, `List-Grou
205
 
206
  # Languages
207
 
208
- **OCR (scans and images):** Latin (about 50 languages), Cyrillic, Greek, Devanagari, Bengali, and Chinese (simplified and traditional). Each line with Chinese characters goes to the Chinese recognizer.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
209
 
210
  **Text layer (digital PDFs): any script.** We checked text mode on 1,125 pages from 75 language families. On pages whose layer passes the checks, Indra OCR keeps at least 98% of the layer's characters in every family, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Urdu, Thai, Khmer, Lao, Myanmar, Georgian, Armenian, Ethiopic, the Indic scripts, Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Right-to-left lines keep their right-to-left order.
211
 
@@ -214,18 +306,18 @@ Block labels: `Text`, `Section-Header`, `Page-Header`, `Page-Footer`, `List-Grou
214
  Indra OCR is built for speed on clean print. It is not the right tool for:
215
 
216
  - **Complex tables.** Tables with merged or spanning cells, cell text that wraps over several lines, nested headers, or no ruling lines can come out with cells in the wrong rows or columns. Simple grid tables read well.
217
- - **Handwriting.** Handwritten text is not supported (about 8% on the OmniParseBench handwriting tests).
218
- - **Scripts outside the OCR list.** OCR reads Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Devanagari, Bengali and Chinese. Other scripts, including Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, Japanese kana and Korean Hangul, work only through a digital PDF's text layer. On scans and images they come out wrong; a Hangul line, for example, comes out as wrong Chinese characters.
219
- - **Degraded scans.** Old, faded or low-resolution scans read poorly (about 20% on the OmniParseBench old-scan tests).
 
220
 
221
  Also:
222
 
223
  - Math comes out as plain text unless `--math` is on (see [Math](#math)).
224
- - No vertical text (such as traditional Chinese newspapers).
225
  - Very wide, banner-shaped pages read poorly.
226
  - Labels inside engineering drawings often come out as small tables.
227
  - Pages above 100 megapixels at 200 dpi render at a lower dpi, so small text on them can be lost.
228
- - The orientation model turns about half of the upright Arabic and Hebrew pages that go to OCR by mistake. Do not rely on it for those scripts.
229
 
230
  For these documents, [Chandra on Datalab](https://www.datalab.to/?utm_source=hf-indra-ocr) is the accurate option.
231
 
@@ -237,15 +329,13 @@ On OmniParseBench (all 2,937 pages, default settings otherwise):
237
 
238
  | | headline | text | tables | layout | math tests |
239
  |---|---|---|---|---|---|
240
- | Indra OCR | 62.1 | 41.4 | 56.4 | 88.5 | 14.3 |
241
- | Indra OCR `--math` | **66.8** | **57.5** | 54.8 | 88.1 | **56.5** |
242
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3 | 58.4 | 55.6 | 47.8 | 71.7 | – |
243
 
244
  - With `--math`, Indra OCR is ahead of PaddleOCR's PP-StructureV3 on the headline, text, tables and layout. Without it, PP-StructureV3 leads on text.
245
  - Tables lose 1.5 points: numbers in some table cells are read as math.
246
- - `--math` is slower. On x86 (AMD EPYC Genoa), one page at a time on 4 cores in auto mode, the median page takes ~360 ms with `--math` and ~210 ms without. With one single-threaded worker per core, throughput is about 30% lower on 4 cores and 35% lower on 32 (4.8 vs 6.8 and 29.2 vs 44.9 pages/s, measured in one container on 300 OmniParseBench pages).
247
- - The cost falls on the pages where the math path runs. In auto mode, pages read through a digital PDF's text layer slow down most: their median time per page goes from 130 ms to 345 ms in the throughput run (one single-threaded worker per core).
248
- - Old scanned math gains little (22.2 to 23.1).
249
 
250
  The math models download only when `--math` is on.
251
 
@@ -259,20 +349,21 @@ The math models download only when `--math` is on.
259
 
260
  | engine | headline | text | tables | layout | median ms / page |
261
  |---|---|---|---|---|---|
262
- | Indra OCR (auto: text layer + OCR) | 62.1 | 41.3 | **56.4** | **88.6** | **228** |
263
- | Indra OCR (OCR only) | 57.5 | 33.5 | 50.9 | 88.2 | 303 |
264
- | Indra OCR `--math` (auto) | **66.8** | **57.5** | 54.8 | 88.1 | ~360† |
265
  | PaddleOCR PP-OCRv6 small, text models only (RapidOCR) | – | 35.8 | 0.0 | – | 2,685 |
266
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3 (2,918 pages\*) | 58.4 | 55.6 | 47.8 | 71.7 | 40,958 |
267
  | Tesseract 5 (our run, Latin model) | – | 19.3 | 0.0 | – | 5,496 |
268
 
 
269
  - The PP-OCR text models and Tesseract output lines, not tables or layout blocks, so their table scores are 0 and their layout family is not scored.
270
- - PP-StructureV3 is PaddleOCR's full document pipeline (layout, tables, formulas). Without `--math`, it reads text better than Indra OCR (55.6 vs 41.3). With `--math`, Indra OCR is ahead on text too (57.5). It takes about 180 times as long per page as Indra OCR's default mode. \*One of its 150 shards stalled for 6 hours on its first page, so its row leaves out 19 pages.
271
- - Faster settings exist, but we did not score their accuracy. Tesseract with the `eng` model and 1 thread takes 3.4 s a page (6.1 s as run). PP-StructureV3 without formula, seal and chart recognition, unwarping and orientation, and with its mobile OCR models, takes 10.5 s a page. Indra OCR is still 15-45x faster per page.
272
  - The OmniParseBench leaderboard's own Tesseract run scores 17.6 on text.
273
- - Median latency varies by about 15% between runs of the same code. †The `--math` latency is from a separate run on x86 (AMD EPYC Genoa, 4 cores, one page at a time), where the default mode gave 208 ms.
274
 
275
- **Chinese** (136 OmniParseBench Chinese tests): Indra OCR 64.7, PaddleOCR PP-OCRv5 mobile Chinese text models 65.4, PP-StructureV3 68.4.
276
 
277
  ## olmOCR-bench
278
 
@@ -290,28 +381,30 @@ Born-digital splits and old scans, our harness, 200 dpi:
290
 
291
  The CLI and `convert_many` run one single-threaded worker process per usable core, one page per task, so a single long PDF also uses every core. `--cores` limits it.
292
 
293
- Pages per second. Every engine ran on the same x86 machine (AMD EPYC, no GPU) on the same 300 OmniParseBench pages, with one single-threaded worker per core, OCR mode and default settings. Indra OCR is the mean of 3 runs. The other engines ran once.
294
 
295
  | engine | 4 cores | 8 cores | 16 cores | 32 cores |
296
  |---|---|---|---|---|
297
- | Indra OCR | **7.3** | **14.2** | **27.2** | **49.4** |
298
- | Indra OCR `--math`† | ~5 | – | – | ~30 |
299
  | PaddleOCR PP-OCRv6 small, text models only (RapidOCR) | 0.65 | 1.24 | 2.42 | 4.28 |
300
  | Tesseract 5 | 0.78 | 1.37 | 2.27 | 2.92 |
301
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3\* | ≤ 0.022 | ≤ 0.044 | ≤ 0.089 | ≤ 0.18 |
302
 
303
- At 32 cores, Indra OCR is 11.5x PaddleOCR's PP-OCR text models, 16.9x Tesseract and about 280x PP-StructureV3 (against its upper bound). \*PP-StructureV3 ran a time-capped subset of the pages, so its numbers are upper bounds. †`--math` ran in a separate container with the same CPU type and the same pages, where it gave 4.8 pages/s on 4 cores and 29.2 on 32, against 6.8 and 44.9 without it (about 30% and 35% lower).
 
 
304
 
305
- Model loading and one warm-up page per worker are not timed. A short 300-page job through `convert_many`, model loading included, runs at 7.2 pages/s on 4 cores and 37.7 on 32.
306
 
307
  ## Reproducing
308
 
309
  ```shell
310
- pip install 'omni-parse-bench[benchmark]'
 
311
  python bench/opb_indra.py --out runs/opb_auto --mode auto --procs 8
312
  ```
313
 
314
- Each page runs in a single-threaded worker process, page headers and footers kept. `--mode ocr` gives the OCR-only row, `--limit N` scores the first N pages, and `--models` points at a local model folder. The run writes `summary.json` (the benchmark's own summary, plus median and p90 ms per page) and `pages.jsonl` (per page: time, source, tests passed).
315
 
316
  # Credits
317
 
 
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  - pt
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  - nl
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  - pl
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+ - cs
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+ - sk
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+ - ro
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+ - hu
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+ - sv
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+ - da
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+ - no
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+ - fi
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+ - tr
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+ - az
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+ - uz
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+ - vi
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+ - id
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+ - ms
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+ - sw
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+ - ha
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+ - yo
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  - ru
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  - uk
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+ - bg
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+ - sr
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  - el
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+ - zh
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+ - ja
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+ - ko
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+ - ar
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+ - fa
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+ - ur
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+ - ps
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+ - he
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  - hi
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+ - mr
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+ - ne
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  - bn
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+ - ta
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+ - te
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+ - kn
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+ - ml
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+ - gu
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+ - pa
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+ - or
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+ - th
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+ - lo
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+ - km
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+ - my
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+ - si
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+ - ka
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+ - hy
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+ - am
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  tags:
65
  - ocr
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  - onnx
 
69
  - markdown
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  - layout
71
  - document-parsing
72
+ - handwriting
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+ - multilingual
74
  ---
75
 
76
  <p align="center">
 
96
 
97
  # Indra OCR
98
 
99
+ Indra OCR is a 1M-parameter OCR model that runs on CPU. It turns PDFs and images into markdown, text, or JSON with boxes, and it reads handwriting, 80+ languages, and pages at any angle.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100
 
101
+ - **Accurate** - 66.7 on [OmniParseBench](https://github.com/datalab-to/omni_parse_bench) (71.4 with `--math`), ahead of PaddleOCR's full PP-StructureV3 pipeline (58.4). Its text score (46.7) is ahead of PaddleOCR's PP-OCR text models (35.8) and Tesseract (19.3).
102
+ - **Fast** - about 44 pages/s on 32 CPU cores, 15x Tesseract and 10x PaddleOCR's PP-OCR text models on the same machine type and pages, and about 210 ms per page on 4 cores ([benchmarks](#benchmarks))
103
+ - **80+ languages** - Latin-script languages, Russian and the Cyrillic languages, Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hebrew, Hindi and the Indic languages, Thai, Khmer and more ([languages](#languages))
104
+ - **Handwriting** - handwritten pages and forms (25.2% on the OmniParseBench handwriting tests, see [limitations](#limitations))
105
+ - **Real-world scans** - sideways, upside down, tilted up to 45 degrees, light text on dark ground
106
+ - **Layout** - a box, a label and a reading order for every line and block (headings, lists, tables, captions, footnotes, page headers)
107
+ - **Digital PDFs** - reads the text layer in any script, and OCRs only what is missing
108
+ - **Small** - ONNX Runtime, no PyTorch, no GPU
109
 
110
  Indra OCR is named for [Indra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra).
111
 
 
117
 
118
  If you have high volume workloads, we offer a batch processing service that can handle 1B+ pages a day.
119
 
120
+ Get started with **$5 in free credits** - [sign up](https://www.datalab.to/?utm_source=hf-indra-ocr) - or try Chandra in our [public playground](https://www.datalab.to/playground?utm_source=hf-indra-ocr).
121
 
122
  ## Quickstart
123
 
 
131
  indra-ocr-viewer # local web viewer on http://localhost:8765
132
  ```
133
 
134
+ The first run downloads the models (about 76 MB) from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datalab-to/indra-ocr).
135
 
136
  ## Examples
137
 
 
139
 
140
  <table>
141
  <tr>
142
+ <td width="50%"><img src="assets/examples/handwriting_letter.png"/><br/><sub>A handwritten letter in cursive: Indra OCR finds every line and reads the body of the letter.</sub></td>
143
+ <td width="50%"><img src="assets/examples/korean_letter.png"/><br/><sub>A scanned Korean letter: each line goes to the recognizer for its script.</sub></td>
144
  </tr>
145
  </table>
146
 
 
153
 
154
  # Commercial usage
155
 
156
+ This code is Apache 2.0, and our model weights use a modified OpenRAIL-M license (free for research, personal use, and startups under $20M funding/revenue, cannot be used competitively with our API). To remove the OpenRAIL license requirements, or for broader commercial licensing, visit our pricing page [here](https://www.datalab.to/pricing?utm_source=hf-indra-ocr).
157
 
158
  # Installation
159
 
 
161
  pip install indra-ocr
162
  ```
163
 
164
+ The default models are about 76 MB: 30 MB of networks and 46 MB of language models for unsure lines. The main recognizer, `rec.onnx` (Latin script), has about 1.25M parameters, and all default models together have 7.3M (the optional math models are extra).
165
+
166
+ For the latest code from GitHub instead: `pip install git+https://github.com/datalab-to/indra.git`. To let the viewer compare with Tesseract, install `pip install "indra-ocr[tesseract]"` and a Tesseract binary.
167
+
168
+ Python 3.10 or newer, tested on Linux (x86_64 and aarch64, Python 3.10 to 3.13) and macOS (Apple silicon). It installs ONNX Runtime, OpenCV and pypdfium2, and no PyTorch. The models download from Hugging Face on the first run and are cached. To use a local copy, set `INDRA_OCR_MODEL_DIR` or pass `--model-dir`.
169
 
170
  # Usage
171
 
 
186
  - `--out DIR`: write one file per input (`.md`, `.txt` or `.jsonl`)
187
  - `--format [md|text|json]`: output format (default: md)
188
  - `--mode [auto|ocr|text]`: `auto` reads the text layer where it passes the checks and OCRs elsewhere (default). `ocr` never reads the text layer. `text` uses the text layer even when the checks fail
 
189
  - `--no-image-ocr`: on text-layer pages, do not OCR text inside images
190
  - `--cores N`: cores to use, one worker process each (default: all usable cores)
191
  - `--dpi`: render resolution for PDFs (default: 200)
 
211
  page.lines # [Line(box, text, conf)] in reading order
212
  ```
213
 
214
+ An image file works the same way as a PDF (PNG, JPEG, TIFF, BMP, WebP; one page per TIFF frame). For an image already in memory, pass a grayscale `uint8` numpy array to `conv.ocr`:
215
+
216
+ ```python
217
+ import cv2
218
+ import indra_ocr
219
+
220
+ conv = indra_ocr.load(threads=4)
221
+ for i, page in conv.convert("scan.png"): # an image file
222
+ print(page.text)
223
+
224
+ gray = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread("photo.jpg"), cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
225
+ page = conv.ocr(gray) # an image in memory
226
+ print(page.markdown)
227
+ ```
228
+
229
+ Runnable examples: [`examples/ocr_image.py`](https://github.com/datalab-to/indra/blob/main/examples/ocr_image.py) (one image to markdown, text or JSON with boxes) and [`examples/quickstart.ipynb`](https://github.com/datalab-to/indra/blob/main/examples/quickstart.ipynb).
230
+
231
  For many pages or files, `convert_many` runs one single-threaded worker process per core, one page per task, and returns results in input order:
232
 
233
  ```python
 
243
 
244
  Without the `if __name__ == "__main__":` guard (needed on macOS and Windows), `convert_many` warns and reads everything in one process.
245
 
246
+ `indra_ocr.load` takes `path` (model folder), `threads`, `dpi`, `mode`, `image_ocr`, `furniture` and `math`. `conv.convert` takes `max_pages` and `password`.
247
 
248
  ## Viewer
249
 
 
263
  - `blocks`: layout blocks in reading order, `{"label", "bbox", "text"}`
264
  - `source`: `text` (PDF text layer), `ocr`, `hybrid` (text layer + OCR of text inside images) or `error`
265
  - `rotation`, `skew`: the quarter or half turn applied (degrees), and the small tilt straightened
266
+ - `vertical`: the page is set in vertical columns (Chinese, Japanese): it was read turned a quarter turn, and its boxes are on the page as it is
267
  - `timings`: per-step milliseconds, with `total_ms`
268
  - `note`: why the page took its path
269
 
 
271
 
272
  # Languages
273
 
274
+ **OCR (scans and images):** we measured 95 languages on held-out printed pages: 83 read at character F1 0.90 or higher, and 67 at 0.95 or higher. Four recognizers, and a line classifier that sends each line to one of them:
275
+
276
+ - `rec.onnx`: Latin (about 50 languages, with the letters of Hausa, Fula, Akan, Azerbaijani and Uzbek and the tone marks of Vietnamese and Yoruba), Cyrillic, Greek, and handwriting in Latin script.
277
+ - `rec_cjk.onnx`: Chinese (simplified and traditional), Japanese (kana and kanji), Korean.
278
+ - `rec_rtl.onnx`: Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Hebrew. Lines come out in logical order, and a right-to-left page reads its right column first.
279
+ - `rec_world.onnx`: Devanagari (Hindi, Marathi, Nepali), Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Odia, Thai, Lao, Khmer, Myanmar, Sinhala, Georgian, Armenian, Ethiopic.
280
+
281
+ When the classifier is not sure of a line, the main recognizer reads it too, and the more confident reading wins.
282
+
283
+ OmniParseBench, per script (tests in parentheses):
284
+
285
+ | Script | Score | Script | Score |
286
+ |---|---|---|---|
287
+ | Latin (9,406) | 61.6 | Thai (39) | 87.2 |
288
+ | Chinese (136) | 64.0 | Lao (52) | 96.2 |
289
+ | Korean (24) | 79.2 | Khmer (34) | 70.6 |
290
+ | Japanese kana (19) | 57.9 | Tamil (25) | 84.0 |
291
+ | Devanagari (23) | 69.6 | Telugu (33) | 87.9 |
292
+ | Bengali (40) | 77.5 | Kannada (48) | 93.8 |
293
+ | Arabic (13) | 69.2 | Malayalam (40) | 65.0 |
294
+ | Hebrew (30) | 80.0 | Gujarati (15) | 80.0 |
295
+ | Georgian (14) | 100 | Gurmukhi (31) | 64.5 |
296
+ | Armenian (60) | 100 | Ethiopic (43) | 100 |
297
+
298
+ Most scripts have few tests, so one test moves a score by 2 to 8 points. On [OmniDocBench](https://github.com/opendatalab/OmniDocBench) v1.5 (OCR only, 1,651 pages, our run without the formula metric), the text edit distance is 0.114 on English pages and 0.237 on simplified Chinese pages (lower is better), and table TEDS is 0.47.
299
+
300
+ **Vertical text.** Chinese and Japanese pages set in vertical columns are read turned a quarter turn, so each column is a line for the CJK recognizer. Scans are found by the orientation model, digital PDFs by their text layer. `page.vertical` is set, and boxes are on the page as it is.
301
 
302
  **Text layer (digital PDFs): any script.** We checked text mode on 1,125 pages from 75 language families. On pages whose layer passes the checks, Indra OCR keeps at least 98% of the layer's characters in every family, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Urdu, Thai, Khmer, Lao, Myanmar, Georgian, Armenian, Ethiopic, the Indic scripts, Chinese, Japanese and Korean. Right-to-left lines keep their right-to-left order.
303
 
 
306
  Indra OCR is built for speed on clean print. It is not the right tool for:
307
 
308
  - **Complex tables.** Tables with merged or spanning cells, cell text that wraps over several lines, nested headers, or no ruling lines can come out with cells in the wrong rows or columns. Simple grid tables read well.
309
+ - **Handwriting.** Handwritten pages read, but not well: 25.2% on the OmniParseBench handwriting tests, and about a third of the words on held-out handwritten pages. Cursive and faint pencil read worst.
310
+ - **Scripts outside the OCR list.** Syriac, Tibetan, Mongolian, Santali, Meitei and other scripts not listed under [Languages](#languages) work only through a digital PDF's text layer. Khmer and Malayalam OCR are fair (65 to 71 on OmniParseBench). Written Cantonese characters (嘅 咗 冇) are not in the Chinese recognizer.
311
+ - **Latin languages with many diacritics.** Some of them (Kurmanji, Czech, Lithuanian, Icelandic, Turkish, Slovak) read less well: the recognizer sometimes writes a close diacritic instead of the right one (ñ for ň, ú for ů, é for ė). English, French, German and Spanish are not affected.
312
+ - **Degraded scans.** Old, faded or low-resolution scans read poorly (29.5% on the OmniParseBench degraded-scan tests).
313
 
314
  Also:
315
 
316
  - Math comes out as plain text unless `--math` is on (see [Math](#math)).
317
+ - Vertical pages read their columns right to left and their tiers top to bottom; a newspaper whose articles wind across tiers can come out in the wrong article order. Vertical scans read less well than horizontal ones.
318
  - Very wide, banner-shaped pages read poorly.
319
  - Labels inside engineering drawings often come out as small tables.
320
  - Pages above 100 megapixels at 200 dpi render at a lower dpi, so small text on them can be lost.
 
321
 
322
  For these documents, [Chandra on Datalab](https://www.datalab.to/?utm_source=hf-indra-ocr) is the accurate option.
323
 
 
329
 
330
  | | headline | text | tables | layout | math tests |
331
  |---|---|---|---|---|---|
332
+ | Indra OCR | 66.7 | 46.7 | 61.1 | 92.2 | 14.0 |
333
+ | Indra OCR `--math` | **71.4** | **62.7** | 59.6 | 92.0 | **55.8** |
334
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3 | 58.4 | 55.6 | 47.8 | 71.7 | – |
335
 
336
  - With `--math`, Indra OCR is ahead of PaddleOCR's PP-StructureV3 on the headline, text, tables and layout. Without it, PP-StructureV3 leads on text.
337
  - Tables lose 1.5 points: numbers in some table cells are read as math.
338
+ - `--math` is slower. On x86, one page at a time on 4 vCPUs in auto mode, the median page takes 357 ms with `--math` and 212 ms without. With one single-threaded worker per core, throughput is about 30% lower on 4 cores and 38% lower on 32 (measured in one container on 300 OmniParseBench pages).
 
 
339
 
340
  The math models download only when `--math` is on.
341
 
 
349
 
350
  | engine | headline | text | tables | layout | median ms / page |
351
  |---|---|---|---|---|---|
352
+ | Indra OCR (auto: text layer + OCR) | 66.7 | 46.7 | **61.1** | **92.2** | **212** |
353
+ | Indra OCR (OCR only)‡ | 61.2 | 40.7 | 52.7 | 90.3 | 344 |
354
+ | Indra OCR `--math` (auto) | **71.4** | **62.7** | 59.6 | 92.0 | 357 |
355
  | PaddleOCR PP-OCRv6 small, text models only (RapidOCR) | – | 35.8 | 0.0 | – | 2,685 |
356
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3 (2,918 pages\*) | 58.4 | 55.6 | 47.8 | 71.7 | 40,958 |
357
  | Tesseract 5 (our run, Latin model) | – | 19.3 | 0.0 | – | 5,496 |
358
 
359
+ - Indra OCR's accuracy comes from the benchmark's own Indra OCR adapter and scorer (omni-parse-bench 1.0.0rc1, dataset revision 961c0f89), as on the OmniParseBench leaderboard. ‡The OCR-only row and the other engines come from our runs of the same pages and scorer. The median ms column comes from the x86 run below.
360
  - The PP-OCR text models and Tesseract output lines, not tables or layout blocks, so their table scores are 0 and their layout family is not scored.
361
+ - PP-StructureV3 is PaddleOCR's full document pipeline (layout, tables, formulas). Without `--math`, it reads text better than Indra OCR (55.6 vs 46.7). With `--math`, Indra OCR is ahead on text too (62.7). It takes about 190 times as long per page as Indra OCR's default mode. \*One of its 150 shards stalled for 6 hours on its first page, so its row leaves out 19 pages.
362
+ - Faster settings exist, but we did not score their accuracy. Tesseract with the `eng` model and 1 thread takes 3.4 s a page (6.1 s as run). PP-StructureV3 without formula, seal and chart recognition, unwarping and orientation, and with its mobile OCR models, takes 10.5 s a page. Indra OCR is still 16-50x faster per page.
363
  - The OmniParseBench leaderboard's own Tesseract run scores 17.6 on text.
364
+ - Median latency varies by about 15% between runs of the same code, so compare engines within one run. The Indra OCR rows come from one run. The other engines ran earlier, on the same container type and pages.
365
 
366
+ **Chinese** (136 OmniParseBench Chinese tests): Indra OCR 64.0, PaddleOCR PP-OCRv5 mobile Chinese text models 65.4, PP-StructureV3 68.4.
367
 
368
  ## olmOCR-bench
369
 
 
381
 
382
  The CLI and `convert_many` run one single-threaded worker process per usable core, one page per task, so a single long PDF also uses every core. `--cores` limits it.
383
 
384
+ Pages per second on x86 (AMD EPYC 9004 Genoa, 34 cores, no GPU), on the same 300 OmniParseBench pages, with one single-threaded worker per core, OCR mode and default settings. The other engines ran once on the same machine type and pages.
385
 
386
  | engine | 4 cores | 8 cores | 16 cores | 32 cores |
387
  |---|---|---|---|---|
388
+ | Indra OCR | **6.2** | **11.9** | **23.7** | **43.9** |
 
389
  | PaddleOCR PP-OCRv6 small, text models only (RapidOCR) | 0.65 | 1.24 | 2.42 | 4.28 |
390
  | Tesseract 5 | 0.78 | 1.37 | 2.27 | 2.92 |
391
  | PaddleOCR PP-StructureV3\* | ≤ 0.022 | ≤ 0.044 | ≤ 0.089 | ≤ 0.18 |
392
 
393
+ At 32 cores, Indra OCR is 10x PaddleOCR's PP-OCR text models and 15x Tesseract. \*PP-StructureV3 ran a time-capped subset of other OmniParseBench pages in an earlier run, so its numbers are upper bounds.
394
+
395
+ Throughput depends on the CPU: on other x86 container types we measured 25 to 51 pages per second at 32 cores.
396
 
397
+ Model loading and one warm-up page per worker are not timed.
398
 
399
  ## Reproducing
400
 
401
  ```shell
402
+ git clone https://github.com/datalab-to/indra.git && cd indra
403
+ pip install indra-ocr 'omni-parse-bench[benchmark]'
404
  python bench/opb_indra.py --out runs/opb_auto --mode auto --procs 8
405
  ```
406
 
407
+ Each page runs in a single-threaded worker process, page headers and footers kept. `--mode ocr` gives the OCR-only row, `--math` the `--math` row, `--suites` scores only the listed suites, `--limit N` scores the first N pages, and `--models` points at a local model folder. The run writes `summary.json` (the benchmark's own summary, plus median and p90 ms per page) and `pages.jsonl` (per page: time, source, tests passed). The tables above come from our x86 harness, which gives each page 4 threads. This script gives each page one thread, so its times differ, and its scores can differ by a few tenths of a point.
408
 
409
  # Credits
410
 
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